Artificial Satellite

 Artificial Satellite

 The twenty-first century is very important for science education

 

What is a man-made Satellite?

 A natural satellite could be a celestial object orbiting the planet or the other planet. The Natural Satellite of our planet is the Moon solely. Other planets within the system have over one natural satellite. Similarly, if an artificial object revolves around the earth or the other planet in a very fastened orbit it's referred to as a man-made Satellite.

 The First Satellite

 The first orbiter ‘Sputnik’ was sent to space by the Soviet Union in 1957. Today, thousands of satellite area units are orbiting the planet.

 From where does the orbiter get energy? 

The satellite works on alternative energy. So, solar panels are a unit connected on each side of those satellites like wings. 

Types of numerous Satellite 

Due to Necessary desires satellites were begun to be employed in numerous varieties. These satellites perform numerous functions in space. Counting on their functions, satellites area unit classified into the subsequent categories:

Types of Satellite	The  of function the satellite	The names of the Indian satellite series and their launch vehicles
Weather Satellite	Study and Prediction of weather	INSAT and GSAT.  Launcher: GSLV.
Communication Satellite	Establish communication between totally different locations within the world through the employment of specific waves.	INSAT and GSAT.  Launcher: GSLV.
Broadcast Satellite	Telecasting of tv programs	INSAT and GSAT.  Launcher: GSLV.
.Navigating Satellite	Fix the situation of anywhere on the earth’s surface in terms of its terribly precise latitude and line of longitude.	IRNSS.  Launcher: PSLV.
Military Satellite	Collect for security aspects.	INSAT and GSAT.  Launcher: GSLV.
Earth Observation Satellite	Study of forests, deserts, oceans, polar ice on the earth’s surface, exploration and management of natural resources, observation, and steering just in case of natural calamities like floods and earthquakes.	IRS. Launcher: PSLV.

The Orbit of satellite

 All artificial satellites don't revolve in similar orbits around the earth. The functions of the satellite decide the peak of the satellite’s orbit from the earth’s surface, the character of the orbit (circular/elliptical), and whether or not the orbit shall be parallel to the equator or creating some angle with it.

To put the satellite in its correct orbit at a particular height on top of the earth’s surface, the satellite is taken to its height employing a satellite launcher. Then the satellite is given a particular speed referred to as the vital speed in an exceedingly tangential direction to the orbit. The satellite begins revolving around the earth.

Types of Orbit of satellite

High Earth Orbits : (Height from the earth’s surface greater or equal to 35780 Km) 

If the peak of the satellite’s orbit higher than the earth’s surface is larger than or adequate 35780 km, the orbit is named High Earth Orbit. A satellite revolving in associate degree orbit 35780 km higher than the earth’s surface, can take around twenty-four hours to complete one revolution.

 We all know that the world additionally takes nearly twenty-four hours for one revolution. If the satellite is revolving in associate degree orbit parallel to the equator, the time of revolution for the world around itself, which for the satellite to revolve around the earth being similar, the satellite can seem to be stationary with regard to the world. For a traveler in one vehicle, another vehicle, moving parallel to him with an equal rate, seems to be stationary. this can be what happens here additionally.

 These satellites square measure, therefore, referred to as fixed satellites. Since these satellites square measure stationery with relevance to the world, they will observe a selected portion of the world, ceaselessly. Therefore, they're utilized in applications like meteorology and for carrying signals for phone, television, radio, etc. 

Medium Earth Orbits : (Height higher than the earth’s surface: 2000 km to 35780 km) 

If the peak of the satellite orbit higher than the earth’s surface is between 2000 km and 35780 km, the orbit's square measure is referred to as Medium Earth Orbits. The fixed satellites orbit higher than the equator. 

These are, therefore, not helpful within the study of polar regions. For this purpose, elliptical medium earth orbits passing over the polar region square measure. These orbits square measures referred to as polar orbits. In these orbits, the satellites complete one revolution in a pair of twenty-four hours. 

Some of these satellites revolve in circular orbits at a height of around two thousand km higher than the earth’s surface. International positioning satellites revolve in such orbits. 

Low Earth Orbits : (Height higher than the earth’s surface: one hundred eighty km to 2000 km) 

If the peak of the satellite orbit higher than the earth’s surface is between one hundred eighty km and 2000 km, the orbit's square measure is referred to as Low Earth Orbit. The satellites used for scientific experiments and part studies revolve in low earth orbits. betting on the peak of their orbits, they complete one revolution in around ninety minutes. The International space laboratory and Edwin Powell Hubble telescope additionally revolve in Low Earth Orbits.